lagneau



V. LAGNEAU Feb. 7, 1933.

STOVE Filed Aug. 25, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet l All! 15 [rm awfu- 1 Lagveon'Feb. 7, 1933. v. LAGNEAU 1,896,197

STOVE Filed Aug. 25, 1931 s Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig 57 V. LAGNEAU Feb. 7,1933.

STOVE Filed Aug. 25, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 A ilw humid Feb. was

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STOVE A licatio and sum as, m1, mm Io. This invention relates to stovesand like heatinguzpparatuses burning solid fuel, havmg a hopper orcontainer fitted above the hearth. I 5 In some devices 'ofthis kind, thegases nerated by heat in the fuel are returned y a downplpe from the topof the hopper to the hearth or to the exit from the same, in order to beconsumed. If the fuel is tightly comp or if it contains much dust, the 7generated in the lower iel co umn, through the uppassage of the portionof the r layers and towards the collector is greaty impeded, and thequantit of gas recovefedl through the latter is equently very ccordingto tags is overcome my invention, this'disadvanby collecting the gasesfrom the reserve of fuel, at the spot where they are generated, throughone or more openings provided at one or more .the height of thecontainer, by mixing said .1 with air and leading themto a pointadjacent the glowing fuel, where they'i ite. The collector thus providedwith gas-co lecting openings, of a, number variable be of anyappropriate shape and be locate beside .the mass of fuel or within thesame, inside or outside the stove. It consists preferably of asemi-tubular member of metal or refractory material, closed at its upperend and detachably secured to the rear wallof the stove.

Air ma be admitted through the fuel container ut is preferably allowedto enter to requirements, ma

the gas-collecting duct directly, through one rovided in the a jacentaid openings ma be re automatic or a ustab e or more openings wall ofthe stove. ulated by means of valves or dampers. The bottom portion ofthe gas collector opens at the level of the exit from the hearth, thellatter being conveniently closed by means of an upright ate, adapted toretain the incandescent fue within t e hearth, said grate beingdetachable and being likewise adap to suptgort the gas collector.

II: c accompanying drawings: F 1 is a vertica section of one construc- Wtiona embodiment of the invention;

levels intermediate ted exit 4 of hearth 559,290, and in Belgiumleptember I, 1..

3 A- and C-D of Fig. 1 respectively,

Fig. 4 is a vertical section of another constructional embodiment of theinvention,

Fig. 5 1s a fragie'ntal' section ofthe'same, onlineE-Fof ig.4,

Fig. 6 shows to an enlar ed scale the gas collector of Fig. 4, as viewefrom inside the stove,

Fig. 7 is a section on line G-HpfFig. 6, Fig. 8 .is avertical section ofthe upper portion of a gas-collector, having an air valve controlled bythe handle regulating the draught in the chimney. r

Fig. 9 is a frontal view of the air admission valve shown in Fig. 8, and

Figs. 10 and 11 respectively, are a frontal view and a vertical sectionview of an auxil-, ia air inlet.

ith particular reference to Figs. 1 to 3,1 is the gas collectorconsisting of a semitubular member removably fitted against the rearwall 2 of the fuel container or hopper 3 and adapted to collect and todeliver to the outlet 4 of hearth 5 the gases generatedwithin the fuelcontained in the hopper. Said gas collector 1, the lower portion ofwhich 18 open, is closed at its uEper end by a partition 6 whichprevents t e fuel entering it. It is provided with vertical slits 7, 8,9, 10, through which escape the the heating of the mass of uel 11, saidslits being situated at various heights and athering said ases at thelevels at which t ey are genemte The s are drawn by the raught towardste outlet of gas-collector 1, where they ignite. The slits 7 8, 9 and 10may increase or decrease in size from bottom to top of the collector,according to require ments.

cent the upper end of hopper 3, behind gasthe other end adjacent the I5, and in proximity to a heat regenerator 13, adapted to gatherthe'consumed gases at the level of said exit and convey them to thechimney at 14. Three valves or dainpers 15, 16, 17 are provided tocollector 1, and

gases released byregulate the flow of the gases through the exit 4 ofthe hearth, the draught flue 12 and the chimney 14 respectively,combustion air being conveniently admitted within the lower portion ofthe stove by means of a screw valve 18 and within the upper portion ofthe same by means of an automatic fla valve 19.

The foregoing arrangement a ows very fast, average, or slow combustionto be secured as desired. In the first case, all valves and air inletsare open and the gases enerated within the reserve of fuel 11 are rawnthrou h the slits of gas-collector 1, to be consum at the bottom of thesame together with the gases drawn from the upper portion of thecontainer by the drau ht flue 12, the

whole of the consumed gases t en passing into the heat regenerator 13,where they give up their heat. In the second case, the valve 16 ofdraught flue 12 is closed, whilst valve 15 of the hearth and the airinlet screw-valve 18 are partly closed. In the third case said valvesare further closed and the gas-collector 1 continues to draw off the'gases generated within the reserve fuel 11. Combustion may be furtherregulated, if desired, by means of chimney damper 17.

.In the constructional embodiment shown in Figs. 4-7, a port 20,provided in wall 2 of the stove connects the interior of gas-collector 1directly with the outside air and is adapted to admit within saidcollector the air needed for the combustion of the gases generated bythe reserve fuel 11 and drawn into said colleetor through slits 7, 8.Said port may be at the top of the gas-collector, as shown, or may faceslits 7- 8, or it may be laced at a lower level, accor 'ing to thesuctlonal effect which the gas collector is required to exert upon thegases. The port 20 is provided with a valve constructed as shown inFigs. 4-7, consisting of a flap 21 adapted automatically to open more orless widely, according to the vacuum set up within the gas-collector 1 bthe draught of chimney 14, towards which chimney the consumed gases flowthrough the heat regenerator-13. The draught may be regulated by' meansof chimney draught damper 22.

In the alternative constructional embodiment illustrated by Figs. 8 and9, the valve 23 of port 20 is not automatic but is controlled, eitherindependently or in conjunction with the chimney drau ht dam er 22, andconsists of an arcuate p ate 23 s idabl fitted in a curved raceway 24,secured to we 1 2 of the stove. A handle 25, pivotally mounted at 26upon heat re enerator 13, allows said valve 23 and the chimney draughtdamper 22 to be controlled simultaneously by means, on the one hand, ofa forked arm 27 engaging a stud 28 of the valve 23 and, on the otherhand, of a crank 29 integral with the axis of damper 22 and fittingwithin a fork 25' of said handle 25. By means of this dual control it ispossible atall times exactly to secure the required correlation betweenthe quantity of air admitted within the gascollector 1 and the strengthof the draught or, in other words, to secure the desired rate ofcombustion in the stove.

It is desirable, in the case of the automatic flap valve as well asin'that of the adi'ustable damper, that the upper part of col ector 1 behermetically sealed towards the container 3, by luting its" edges with asuitable cement, for example, in order that. port 20, opening into saidupper part, should admit no gas therein but only air. This being done,if the draught be reduced and the gases are not drawn activelydownwards, the air cushion thus formed prevents. said gases from risingto port 20 and, in the case of a backfiow, air alone is driven throughsaid port, the gases being prevented from escaping into the room to bewarmed.

Upon the stove being filled and lit, the distillation gases of the freshfuel 11 are drained through said fuel towards slits 7, 8 of collector 1,are mixed within the latter with the air entering through port 20 andare ignited whilst flowin through exit 4 into the regenerator 13. wingto their being drained through the fuel, the gases cannot accumulate inthe upper portion of the container 3 whilst, on the other hand, thedirect entry of air into collector 1 ensures complete combustion of thegases collected by the same.

An upright grate 30, fitted within the exit 4 of the hearth 5, preventsthe fuel from dropping from said hearth into the heat regenerator. Saidgrate 30, mounted in exit 4 from without, is prevented by its chamferededges (F lg. 5), from falling forwards into the hearth while two claws31 provided at its lower part and two lugs 32, integral withsemi-tubular collector 1, keep it from falling backwards. Lugs 32 extendthrough two slots 33, in the edge of exit 4, engage in two notches 34,in the upper crossbar of the grate, and hook into said grate frombehind.

The semi-tubular collector 1 rests upon said cross-bar of grate 30through its lugs 32. Its upper portion is likewise secured by two tenons35, fitting within holes 36 of a ring 37 forming an annular seating forthe lid of the stove. When said ring is in position, semitubularcollector 1 thus is held against wall 2 cess to the grate 23 from therear and facilitates manipulation.

An auxiliary air inlet 39 may be provided in door 38 (Figs. 10, 11) orother suitable portion of heat regenerator 13, the valve 40 of said airinlet 39'being controlled by a shutter 41 and being opened, when reduceddraught is required. Auxiliary inlet 39 ends, within the heatregenerator 13, in a cavit of which the lower part alone is open. aidcavity 42 is always filled by an air cushion which, as is the-case withthat filling the upper portion of semi-tubular collector 1, acts as apneumatic seal to prevent the propagation of gas through inlet 39.

Although the constructional embodiments herein described and illustratedby way of example are highly satisfactory, the invention is not limitedto the same, except as defined by the appended claims. In especial, itis not necessary that the semi-tubular collector 1 should extend to thetop of container 3, and the two or three superimposed tiers of slits oropenings 7 and 8 might be replaced by one row only, or even by a singleopening, suitably located and formed.

I claim:

1. In a stove, the combination of a fuel receptacle, the bottom portionof said receptacle forming a fire zone, a flue for leading offcombustion gases from the bottom portion of said receptacle, adownwardly extending gas collector communicating with said receptacle atan intermediate point thereof, the bottomtacle, said'shell being open atend of said collector o ening in proximity to the inlet end of said ue,means for detachably securing said collector within said receptacle, andmeans for admitting air into said collector.

2. In a stove, the combination of a fuel receptacle, an air inlet and agas outlet near the bottom of said receptacle, a tubular gas collectorextending'downwardly in said receptacle, an auxiliary air inlet openinginto the top of said collector, the bottom end of, said collectoropening into said receptacle adjacent said gas outlet, lateral openingsbeing provided in the wall of said collector to draw gases from thereserve of fuel in said receptacle, and means for removably securingsaid gas collector against a wall of said receptacle. I r,

1 3. In a stove the combination of'a fuel receptacle, an air inlet and agas-outlet at the side of said receptacle, a removable gas collector insaid receptacle, said collector comprising a removable semi-tubularperforated shell fitting against a side wall of said recepits lower endin proximity to said gas outlet, and means for detachably securing saidshell to said side wall. l 4. In a stove, the combination of a fuelreceptacle, an air inlet and a gas outlet at the side of saidreceptacle, a grate across said gas outlet, a removable above said gasoutlet, said shell having slits opening into said receptacle, said shellbeing closed and its bottom end being open, a cover for said receptacle,said cover being adapted to lock said shell in position against awall ofsaid receptacle.

5. In a stove, the combination of a fuel receptacle, an air inlet and agas outlet near the bottom of said receptacle, a removable grate fittedin said gas outlet, a semi-tubular shell fitted against a side wall ofsaid receptacle above said grate, said shell having slits opening intosaid receptacle, the bottom end of said shell being open, and means fordetachably securing said shell to said side wall and to said grate.

' 6. In a stove, the combination of a fuel receptacle, an air inlet-anda gas outlet near the bottom of said receptacle, a perforated memberabove said gas outlet, said member forming a gas collector with theadjacent wall of said receptacle,an top of said gas collector, a flap insaid air inlet adapted to open under the actionof a vacuum in saidcollector, said collector being open at the end adjacent said gasoutlet.

7. In a stove, the combination of a fuel receptacle, an air inlet and agas outlet near the bottom of said receptacle, an upward flue leadingfrom said gas outlet, a downwardly extending gas collector in saidreceptacle communicating with the inside of said receptacle at anintermediate point of its height, the bottom end of saidcollectoropening in proximity to said gas outlet, an auxiliary air inlet openinginto said gas collector, and means for simultaneously controlling theflow of airthrough said auxiliary inlet and the draught in said flue.

8. In a stove, the combination of a fuel receptacle, an air inlet and agas outlet near the bottom of said receptacle, an upward flue leadingfrom said gas outlet, a gas collector extending downwardly in saidreceptacle, an auxiliary air inlet opening into the top of saidcollector,the bottom end of said collector opening into saidreceptacle-near said gas outlet, lateral openings being provided in thewall-of said collector to draw gases from the reserve of fuel in saidreceptacle, a chamber communicating through its with the bottom portionof said flue, and an air inlet in said chamber.

VICTOR LAGNEAU.

the top end of air inlet at thelower end gas collecting shell

